The recent study conducted by the Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP) highlights alarming projections regarding the impact of rising sea levels on major Indian coastal cities, particularly Mumbai and Chennai. By 2040, Mumbai is expected to lose over 10% of its land, while Chennai could see a reduction of approximately 7% due to climate change-induced inundation.
Rising Sea Levels: The Current Scenario
The study, which analyzed historical and future sea-level changes in 15 coastal cities, indicates that Mumbai has already experienced the most significant rise in sea levels, measuring at 4.44 cm between 1987 and 2021. In contrast, Chennai recorded a rise of 0.679 cm during the same period. The report emphasizes that the trend of rising sea levels is expected to continue, with projections estimating a rise of 76.2 cm in Mumbai and 74.9 cm in Chennai by the end of the century under various climate scenarios.
Implications for Mumbai and Chennai
The implications of this rising sea level are profound. In Mumbai, over 10% of the land is at risk of being submerged, affecting critical infrastructure, residential areas, and biodiversity. The study indicates that significant landmarks and road networks, including approximately 998 buildings and 24 km of roads, are at risk of inundation by 2050. Similarly, in Chennai, around 55 buildings and a 5 km stretch of road are particularly vulnerable, primarily located in low-lying areas.The impact of land loss extends beyond mere geography; it threatens essential sectors such as water supply, agriculture, and health. Coastal ecosystems, including beaches and mangrove forests, are also at risk, which could lead to a decline in biodiversity and tourism.
Future Projections and Adaptation Strategies
The study underscores the urgency for cities like Mumbai and Chennai to develop robust adaptation strategies. Experts suggest a multifaceted approach that includes engineering solutions, the preservation of natural ecosystems, and potential retreat from the most vulnerable areas. For instance, Chennai’s Ennore creeks and Adyar Estuary are critical ecosystems that require protection to mitigate the effects of rising waters.Moreover, the report calls for immediate action from government bodies and public stakeholders to understand vulnerable coastal areas and make informed investments to safeguard these regions. This proactive approach is crucial, as the effects of climate change are not merely distant threats but immediate challenges that require urgent attention.
Conclusion
The findings of the CSTEP study serve as a wake-up call for urban planners, policymakers, and residents of coastal cities in India. With Mumbai and Chennai facing significant land loss due to rising sea levels, it is imperative to prioritize climate resilience in urban development plans. As the clock ticks towards 2040, the time for action is now to protect these vibrant cities from the impending threats posed by climate change.
